Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease characterized by inflammation of the gums. It is typically caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque to build up along the gumline. Here are the common symptoms of gingivitis:
Swollen Gums:
One of the earliest signs of gingivitis is gum inflammation, causing the gums to appear swollen or puffy. The swelling may be localized to specific areas or affect the entire gumline.
Red or Darkened Gums:
Healthy gums should have a pink color. In gingivitis, the gums may appear red, dusky, or darker than usual due to increased blood flow to the inflamed tissues.
Gum Sensitivity or Tenderness:
Gingivitis can cause the gums to become tender or sensitive to touch. You may experience discomfort when brushing, flossing, or eating certain foods.
Bleeding Gums:
One of the hallmark symptoms of gingivitis is bleeding gums, especially during brushing or flossing. The gums may bleed easily due to inflammation and irritation caused by plaque buildup.
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Bad Breath (Halitosis):
Persistent bad breath is a common symptom of gingivitis. Bacteria in plaque release foul-smelling gases that contribute to halitosis, even after brushing and flossing.
Receding Gums:
As gingivitis progresses, the gums may begin to recede or pull away from the teeth, creating pockets where bacteria can accumulate. Receding gums can also expose the tooth roots, leading to increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods.
Visible Plaque or Tartar:
Gingivitis is often accompanied by the presence of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that accumulates on the teeth and along the gumline. If left untreated, plaque can harden into tartar (calculus), which appears as a yellow or brownish deposit on the teeth.
Changes in Gum Texture:
In advanced cases of gingivitis, the gums may develop a shiny or glossy appearance, indicating tissue changes associated with inflammation and infection.
It's important to note that gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental care. However, if left untreated, gingivitis can progress to more severe forms of gum disease (periodontitis), which may cause irreversible damage to the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. If you experience any symptoms of gingivitis, it's essential to see your dentist for an evaluation and appropriate treatment.
